chuyeow

Jun 14, 2010
Rendering plists from your Rails app
Jeena emailed me recently about his Rails plugin, plistifier, that allows you to render plists (property lists).

It allows you to render your ActiveRecord objects as plists (among other things):
```
def show
  @post = Post.find(params[:id])

  respond_to do |format|
    format.xml   { render :xml => @post }
    format.plist { render :plist => @post }
  end
end
```
Jeena was kind enough to let me know he "stole" my old Jsonifier plugin (github) code in plistifier.
Feb 4, 2010
Railscasts Xcode theme

For those of you who use the excellent Railscasts TextMate theme and want to replicate the theme in Xcode, you can grab my version from Github. This is what it looks like:

Save it into ~/Library/Application Support/Xcode/Color Themes/, restart Xcode, and open its Preferences. You will be able to pick the Railscasts Color Theme in the Fonts & Colors tab.

I dug this theme up after realizing that I haven't actually saved the Railscasts theme I'd replicated from several months ago and was too lazy to set up another one in my other Mac.

Koen Van Der Auwera did a similar theme too so if you find that mine doesn't work so well (I've only used it for Cocoa Touch development, not at all for developing Mac apps), scoot over to his blog post.
Feb 1, 2010
Setting up virtualization on Ubuntu with KVM
These instructions have been tested on Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic) 64-bit. Skip right to the instructions if you're short on time.

After being a happy Xen user for several years now, I've recently had to switch to an alternative virtualization solution. My colleague Arun (@iamclovin) actually struggled for a week with Xen VMs that locked up on Hardy; we've had much success with Hardy and Xen before, so we attributed it to a hardware problem since these were our first blade servers.

Out of ideas, we tried Karmic (Ubuntu 9.10) only to discover that Xen support via the apt package system is gone. I went down the path of compiling a paravirt_ops Dom0 kernel (this article was very useful) but ended up deciding the process took far too long despite being successful.

With KVM gaining official support from Ubuntu as the virtualization solution, I ended up ditching Xen and switching to KVM for these new servers on Karmic. The rest of the entry is a step-by-step guide on setting up KVM VMs on a Ubuntu server; I'm putting this down because like all wikis, the Ubuntu KVM wiki has grown a little too organically to be useful.

Preparing a host server for KVM
1. Update and upgrade apt packages (use your own discretion on whether this is necessary):
```
aptitude update && aptitude dist-upgrade
```
2. Check whether CPU supports hardware virtualization:
```
egrep '(vmx|svm)' --color=always /proc/cpuinfo
```
  You should see lines with either "vmx" or "svm" highlighted.
3. Install these packages:
```
aptitude install kvm libvirt-bin ubuntu-vm-builder bridge-utils
```
  If you see a FATAL: Error inserting kvm_intel message during installation, it means that virtualization is not enabled in your machine's BIOS. You'll need to reboot your machine, enter the BIOS setup and enable virtualization (you'll have to hunt for the option).
  
  After enabling virtualization in the BIOS and rebooting, run:
```
modprobe kvm-intel
```
  There should be no error shown (in fact, no console response).
4. Optionally, install virt-top, a top-like tool for your VMs:
```
aptitude install virt-top
```
5. Verify that you can connect to the hypervisor:
```
virsh -c qemu:///system list
```
  You should see something like this:
```
Connecting to uri: qemu:///system
 Id Name                 State
 ----------------------------------
```
6. Setup a network bridge on the server for VMs. Edit /etc/network/interfaces so it looks like this (use your own IPs):
```
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual

auto br0
iface br0 inet static
 address 192.168.1.222
 netmask 255.255.255.0
 network 192.168.1.0
 broadcast 192.168.1.255
 gateway 192.168.1.167
 bridge_ports eth0
 bridge_stp off
 bridge_fd 9
 bridge_hello 2
 bridge_maxage 12
 bridge_maxwait 0
```
7. Make sure that you have a direct console to the server because you're going to restart networking:
```
/etc/init.d/networking restart
```
8. Verify that your changes took place with ifconfig. You should see 2 entries like these:
```
br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:11:22:33:44:55
          inet addr:192.168.1.215  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::223:aeff:fefe:1f14/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1099 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:50 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:74665 (74.6 KB)  TX bytes:6223 (6.2 KB)

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:66:77:88:99:00
          inet6 addr: fe80::223:aeff:fefe:1f14/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:4939 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:39 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:532798 (532.7 KB)  TX bytes:5585 (5.5 KB)
          Interrupt:36 Memory:da000000-da012800
```
Setting up a VM
1. Setup a VM with vmbuilder:
```
vmbuilder kvm ubuntu \
    -v \
    --suite=karmic \
    --libvirt=qemu:///system \
    --arch=amd64 \
    --cpus=2 \
    --mem=2048 \
    --swapsize=4096 \
    --rootsize=20480 \
    --flavour=server \
    --hostname=billiejean \
    --ip=192.168.1.240 \
    --mask=255.255.255.0 \
    --net=192.168.1.0 \
    --bcast=192.168.1.255 \
    --gw=192.168.1.167 \
    --dns='202.157.163.157 202.157.131.118' \
    --bridge=br0 \
    --mirror=http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu \
    --components='main,universe' \
    --addpkg=openssh-server \
    --user=administrator \
    --pass=icanhaspasswd \
    --dest=/root/vm-billiejean \
    --tmpfs=-
```
  The options you need to care about are:
  1. suite: Version of Ubuntu to install (e.g. karmic, hardy).
  2. cpus: Number of CPUs to assign to VM.
  3. mem: Amount of RAM in MB to assign to VM.
  4. swapsize: Size of swap in MB of VM.
  5. rootsize: Size of root filesystem in MB of VM.
  6. flavour: The "flavour" of kernel to use in the VM. Either "virtual" or "server".
  7. hostname: Hostname of VM.
  8. ip: IP address of VM.
  9. mask: Netmask of VM.
  10. net: Network of VM.
  11. bcast: Broadcast address of VM.
  12. gw: Gateway of VM.
  13. dns: DNS server(s) for VM.
  14. addpkg: APT packages to install in the VM. openssh-server is needed so that we can login to the VM to setup the virsh console.
  15. user and pass: User account that's setup for you to access the VM.
  16. dest: Destination directory on server where VM disk image will reside.
2. If your VM is created successfully, there'll be a config file for the VM in /etc/libvirt/qemu/ (e.g. /etc/libvirt/qemu/billiejean.xml), and a disk image in the directory specified in the --dest option (e.g. /root/vm-billiejean/disk0.qcow2).
3. You can verify that it works by starting the VM and SSHing into it (virsh console will not work yet).
```
virsh start billiejean
```
Converting Disk Images to LVM Logical Volumes

Now, we have the VM setup but it's running off a disk image. For better performance, running the VM off a LVM logical volume will optimize disk IO.

vmbuilder is supposed to support the --raw option to write the VM to a block device (such as a LVM logical volume), but I've had no success with it (as does Mark Imbriaco, sysadmin of 37signals: http://twitter.com/markimbriaco/status/7437688341 and http://twitter.com/markimbriaco/status/7437699338). We're going to convert the disk images using qemu-img and write the bits into a LVM logical volume instead.
1. Stop the VM if it's running:
```
virsh shutdown billiejean
```
2. Convert the VM's qcow2 (QEMU image format) disk image to a raw disk image:
```
qemu-img convert disk0.qcow2 -O raw disk0.raw
```
3. Create a logical volume to house the VM, making sure it's big enough for the VM's rootsize and swapsize options:
```
lvcreate -L24GB -n <logical_volume_name> <volume_group_name>
```
4. Copy raw image into the logical volume:
```
dd if=disk0.raw of=/dev/<volume_group_name>/<logical_volume_name> bs=1M
```
  This will take awhile (the bigger your image, the longer it takes).
5. Edit the VM's config so that it uses your new logical volume:
```
virsh edit billiejean
```
  Change <disk> to point to the logical volume:
```
<disk type='block' device='disk'>
  <source dev='/dev/<volume_group_name>/<logical_volume_name>'/>
  <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
</disk>
```
6. Startup the VM. You might wanna rename the original disk0.qcow2 image first just to make sure your VM isn't still using it.
7. Once you're sure your VM is running off your LVM logical volume, you can delete or backup the original qcow2 disk image.
Getting a console to your VM from the Host Server

Now, we have to setup the VM so that virsh console works. This is a console to the VM from the host server that works even when the networking in the VM is not.
1. Edit the VM's settings:
```
virsh edit billiejean
```
  In the <devices> block, add:
```
<serial type='pty'>
  <target port='0'/>
</serial>
```
2. Startup your VM:
```
virsh start billiejean
```
3. SSH into VM and create a file /etc/init/ttyS0.conf:
```
start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 ttyS0 vt102
```
  Start the tty with:
```
start ttyS0
```
4. Still in the VM, install acpid so that the VM will respond to shutdown commands from the server:
```
aptitude install acpid
```
5. Reboot the VM.
6. Verify the console works by opening a console to the VM from the server:
```
virsh console billiejean
```
  You may have to hit "Enter" before you see any console output.
Miscellaneous VM Setup

That's it, your VM is ready! You'll probably want to do these:
- Set a root password and possibly delete the user you setup using vmbuilder.
- Set the timezone with dpkg-reconfigure tzdata.
Jan 14, 2010
Stop and Reload buttons merged in Firefox

A minor UI improvement to Firefox has been made to Firefox and it's currently only available on nightly builds of Firefox: the Stop and Reload buttons have been merged into a single button. This change should make it into Firefox 3.6.

While a page is loading, the button acts as a Stop button:

When it's done loading, it becomes a Reload button.

I'm always up for 1 less unnecessary button. I think this feature is copied from Safari (I might be wrong).
Nov 25, 2009
Firefox quick tip: view images in a new tab quickly

A mini-tip on viewing images quickly in a new tab in Firefox. Useful for web devs who want to look at the URL of an image quickly.

As an example, here's the Youtube webpage of the owner of Maru the Cat:

To open the thumbnail image of Maru in a new tab, right-click the image, and then middle-click the View Image item from the context menu:

It should open up in a new tab:

You can also do the same for background images (middle-click View Background Image from the right-click context menu).